Biomarkers For COVID 19

What is Corona Virus/COVID 19?

COVID–19 is a new disease that has been detected in the human body, and no previous case of COVID–19 pneumonia has been discovered. The chief clinical symptoms of those infected with coronavirus are coldness, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

The signs and symptoms of the person infected are:

• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath

There are certain emergency signs such as:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion or inability to arouse
• Bluish lips or face

If you develop symptoms, seek medical advice.

A person may develop the disease if:

1)      They have been in close contact with a person known to have COVID-19 or

2)      Live in or have recently traveled from an area with the on-going spread of COVID-19.

3)      Call ahead before you go to a doctor’s office or emergency room.

A person who has completed quarantine or has been released from isolation does not pose a risk of infection to other people.

The clinical severity of any infectious diseases is typically measured in terms of:

1) Its infection fatality risk (IFR),

2) Symptomatic case fatality risk (sCFR) and

3) Hospitalization fatality risk (HFR).

The FDA is said to have begun working directly with partners and innovators to foster the development of medical countermeasures against COVID-19, quickly after the emergence of the virus and they are continuing to provide regulatory flexibility, advice, guidance, and technical assistance.

Biomarkers for COVID 19

Two Parameters that may serve as a potential biomarker for COVID-19 are Various blood parameters and CRP.

The significant differences in the ratios between various blood parameters and CRP between the two groups are interesting findings in a study. It has been seen that CRP may not or only slightly increase in viral infection without bacterial infection. This increase indirectly reflects the severity of the infection. At present, it is generally accepted that CRP or combined CRP can be used to judge the inflammatory activity.

In this study, we found that the ratio between various blood parameters and CRP was significantly increased in patients who had indirect contact with the disease in the epidemic area, suggesting that the change in the reactivity of CRP in COVID–19 infection is greater than the response of various blood parameters.

In addition, considering that COVID–19 in the secondary the epidemic area may occur after the primary epidemic in the main epidemic area, its toxicity and pathogenicity may be weakened. CRP can be used as a predictive factor prior to changes in leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and other inflammatory-related blood parameters to comprehensively evaluate the occurrence and development of COVID–19 infection.

CVD (Cardiovascular Diseases) and COVID 19

The virus ‘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’ (the scientific name of the virus infects the host cells through ACE2 receptors, resulting in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia, it also causes acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the circulatory system. Hence, particular attention should tend to cardiovascular protection during treatment for COVID-19.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be a membrane-bound aminopeptidase that features a vital role within the cardiovascular and immune systems. ACE2 is involved in heart function and therefore the development of hypertension and DM. In addition, ACE2 has been identified as a functional receptor for coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection is triggered by binding of the spike protein of the virus to ACE2, which is very expressed within the heart and lungs.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly invades alveolar epithelial cells, leading to respiratory symptoms. These symptoms are more severe in patients with CVD, which could be related to increased secretion of ACE2 in these patients compared with healthy individuals. ACE2 levels are often increased by the utilization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.

Given that ACE2 may be a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the security and potential effects of anti-hypertension therapy with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19 should be carefully considered.

The COVID-19 virus, although not as lethal as SARS, has proved far more pervasive. It took but two months from the invention of the primary infection for the number of confirmed cases to pass the entire that SARS reached over several months. And in three months, COVID-19 has killed quite five times as many of us as SARS.

Precautions

•       Wash your hands often with soap and water for a minimum of 20 seconds
• ·  If soap and water aren't readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains a minimum of 60% alcohol.
• ·  Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
• ·  Avoid close contact with folks that are sick.
• ·  Put distance between yourself and people if COVID-19 is spreading in your community.
• ·  Stay home if you're sick, except to urge medical aid
• ·  Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue once you cough or sneeze or use the within of your elbow.